Is Alarm Calling Risky? Marmots Avoid Calling from Risky Places
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Is alarm calling risky? Marmots avoid calling from risky places.
Alarm calling is common in many species. A prevalent assumption is that calling puts the vocalizing individual at increased risk of predation. If calling is indeed costly, we need special explanations for its evolution and maintenance. In some, but not all species, callers vocalize away from safety and thus may be exposed to an increased risk of predation. However, for species that emit bouts w...
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Alarm calling in sciurid rodents is often explained by inclusive fitness benefits that callers accrue. Inclusive fitness arguments imply that indirect fitness plays an important role in the evolution and maintenance of alarm calling. A more parsimonious hypothesis is that animals alarm call to increase their direct fitness by warning their offspring. Group-living animals are related to each oth...
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When individuals of a variety of species encounter a potential predator, some, but not all, emit alarm calls. To explain the proximate basis of this variation, we compared faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in live-trapped yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) between occasions when they did and did not emit alarm calls. We found that marmots had significantly higher glucoc...
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When a reinforcement learning agent executes actions that can cause frequently damages to itself, it can learn, by using Q-learning, that these actions must not be executed again. However, there are other actions that do not cause damage frecuently, only once in a while: risky actions, such as parachuting. These actions may imply a big punishment to the agent and, depending on its personality, ...
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In genome-wide association studies, high-level statistical analyses rely on the validity of the called genotypes, and different genotype calling algorithms (GCAs) have been proposed. We compared the GCAs Bayesian robust linear modeling using Mahalanobis distance (BRLMM), Chiamo++, and JAPL using the autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the 500 k Affymetrix Array Set data of the...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Ethology
سال: 2010
ISSN: 0179-1613
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2010.01830.x